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Data correlation is a statistical quantity used to describe the strength and direction of association between two variables. It tells us how a variable varies in relation to another variable. The strength of the relationship is measured by the correlation coefficient, typically between -1 and +1. A positive (+1) correlation indicates that as one variable rises, the other does also, whereas a negative (-1) correlation indicates that as one variable rises, the other will fall. A correlation of 0 suggests there is little or no linear relationship between the variables.

Correlation assists analysts to detect patterns, forecast results, and recognize dependencies among variables. For instance, in enterprise, correlation may show how the expenditure on marketing affects sales. It is essential, however, to note that correlation does not establish causation but merely signifies that there is an association and not necessarily cause and effect.

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